Network
Ports
http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Subnet
IPv4
| CIDR | Subnet | Addresses | Wildcard |
|---|---|---|---|
| /32 | 255.255.255.255 | 1 | 0.0.0.0 |
| /31 | 255.255.255.254 | 2 | 0.0.0.1 |
| /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 4 | 0.0.0.3 |
| /29 | 255.255.255.248 | 8 | 0.0.0.7 |
| /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 16 | 0.0.0.15 |
| /27 | 255.255.255.224 | 32 | 0.0.0.31 |
| /26 | 255.255.255.192 | 64 | 0.0.0.63 |
| /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 128 | 0.0.0.127 |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 256 | 0.0.0.255 |
| /23 | 255.255.254.0 | 512 | 0.0.1.255 |
| /22 | 255.255.252.0 | 1024 | 0.0.3.255 |
| /21 | 255.255.248.0 | 2048 | 0.0.7.255 |
| /20 | 255.255.240.0 | 4096 | 0.0.15.255 |
| /19 | 255.255.224.0 | 8192 | 0.0.31.255 |
| /18 | 255.255.192.0 | 16,384 | 0.0.63.255 |
| /17 | 255.255.128.0 | 32,768 | 0.0.127.255 |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | 65,536 | 0.0.255.255 |
| /15 | 255.254.0.0 | 131,072 | 0.1.255.255 |
| /14 | 255.252.0.0 | 262,144 | 0.3.255.255 |
| /13 | 255.248.0.0 | 524,288 | 0.7.255.255 |
| /12 | 255.240.0.0 | 1,048,576 | 0.15.255.255 |
| /11 | 255.224.0.0 | 2,097,152 | 0.31.255.255 |
| /10 | 255.192.0.0 | 4,194,304 | 0.63.255.255 |
| /9 | 255.128.0.0 | 8,388,608 | 0.127.255.255 |
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | 16,777,216 | 0.255.255.255 |
IPv6
| Prefix | /48 | /56 | /64 | /127 | # Addresses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /24 | 16M | 4G | 1T | 8388608Y | 16777216Y |
| /25 | 8M | 2G | 512G | 4194304Y | 8388608Y |
| /26 | 4M | 1G | 256G | 2097152Y | 4194304Y |
| /27 | 2M | 512M | 128G | 1048576Y | 2097152Y |
| /28 | 1M | 256M | 64G | 524288Y | 1048576Y |
| /29 | 512K | 128M | 32G | 262144Y | 524288Y |
| /30 | 256K | 64M | 16G | 131072Y | 262144Y |
| /31 | 128K | 32M | 8G | 65536Y | 131072Y |
| /32 | 64K | 16M | 4G | 32768Y | 65536Y |
| /33 | 32K | 8M | 2G | 16384Y | 32768Y |
| /34 | 16K | 4M | 1G | 8192Y | 16384Y |
| /35 | 8K | 2M | 512M | 4096Y | 8192Y |
| /36 | 4K | 1M | 256M | 2048Y | 4096Y |
| /37 | 2K | 512K | 128M | 1024Y | 2048Y |
| /38 | 1K | 256K | 64M | 512Y | 1024Y |
| /39 | 512 | 128K | 32M | 256Y | 512Y |
| /40 | 256 | 64K | 16M | 128Y | 256Y |
| /41 | 128 | 32K | 8M | 64Y | 128Y |
| /42 | 64 | 16K | 4M | 32Y | 64Y |
| /43 | 32 | 8K | 2M | 16Y | 32Y |
| /44 | 16 | 4K | 1M | 8Y | 16Y |
| /45 | 8 | 2K | 512K | 4Y | 8Y |
| /46 | 4 | 1K | 256K | 2Y | 4Y |
| /47 | 2 | 512 | 128K | 1Y | 2Y |
| /48 | 1 | 256 | 64K | 512Z | 1Y |
| /49 | 128 | 32K | 256Z | 512Z | |
| /50 | 64 | 16K | 128Z | 256Z | |
| /51 | 32 | 8K | 64Z | 128Z | |
| /52 | 16 | 4K | 32Z | 64Z | |
| /53 | 8 | 2K | 16Z | 32Z | |
| /54 | 4 | 1K | 8Z | 16Z | |
| /55 | 2 | 512 | 4Z | 8Z | |
| /56 | 1 | 256 | 2Z | 4Z | |
| /57 | 128 | 1Z | 2Z | ||
| /58 | 64 | 512E | 1Z | ||
| /59 | 32 | 256E | 512E | ||
| /60 | 16 | 128E | 256E | ||
| /61 | 8 | 64E | 128E | ||
| /62 | 4 | 32E | 64E | ||
| /63 | 2 | 16E | 32E | ||
| /64 | 1 | 8E | 16E |
IP addresses
Some useful lists
IPv4 possible notations
All possible notations of the IPv4 address 8.8.8.8 (source)
- 8.8.8.8
- 134744072
- 0x8080808
- 01002004010
- 8.526344
- 8.0x80808
- 8.02004010
- 8.8.2056
- 8.8.0x808
- 8.8.04010
- 8.8.8.0x8
- 8.8.8.010
- 8.8.0x8.8
- 8.8.0x8.0x8
- 8.8.0x8.010
- 8.8.010.8
- 8.8.010.0x8
- 8.8.010.010
- 8.0x8.2056
- 8.0x8.0x808
- 8.0x8.04010
- 8.0x8.8.8
- 8.0x8.8.0x8
- 8.0x8.8.010
- 8.0x8.0x8.8
- 8.0x8.0x8.0x8
- 8.0x8.0x8.010
- 8.0x8.010.8
- 8.0x8.010.0x8
- 8.0x8.010.010
- 8.010.2056
- 8.010.0x808
- 8.010.04010
- 8.010.8.8
- 8.010.8.0x8
- 8.010.8.010
- 8.010.0x8.8
- 8.010.0x8.0x8
- 8.010.0x8.010
- 8.010.010.8
- 8.010.010.0x8
- 8.010.010.010
- 0x8.526344
- 0x8.0x80808
- 0x8.02004010
- 0x8.8.2056
- 0x8.8.0x808
- 0x8.8.04010
- 0x8.8.8.8
- 0x8.8.8.0x8
- 0x8.8.8.010
- 0x8.8.0x8.8
- 0x8.8.0x8.0x8
- 0x8.8.0x8.010
- 0x8.8.010.8
- 0x8.8.010.0x8
- 0x8.8.010.010
- 0x8.0x8.2056
- 0x8.0x8.0x808
- 0x8.0x8.04010
- 0x8.0x8.8.8
- 0x8.0x8.8.0x8
- 0x8.0x8.8.010
- 0x8.0x8.0x8.8
- 0x8.0x8.0x8.0x8
- 0x8.0x8.0x8.010
- 0x8.0x8.010.8
- 0x8.0x8.010.0x8
- 0x8.0x8.010.010
- 0x8.010.2056
- 0x8.010.0x808
- 0x8.010.04010
- 0x8.010.8.8
- 0x8.010.8.0x8
- 0x8.010.8.010
- 0x8.010.0x8.8
- 0x8.010.0x8.0x8
- 0x8.010.0x8.010
- 0x8.010.010.8
- 0x8.010.010.0x8
- 0x8.010.010.010
- 010.526344
- 010.0x80808
- 010.02004010
- 010.8.2056
- 010.8.0x808
- 010.8.04010
- 010.8.8.8
- 010.8.8.0x8
- 010.8.8.010
- 010.8.0x8.8
- 010.8.0x8.0x8
- 010.8.0x8.010
- 010.8.010.8
- 010.8.010.0x8
- 010.8.010.010
- 010.0x8.2056
- 010.0x8.0x808
- 010.0x8.04010
- 010.0x8.8.8
- 010.0x8.8.0x8
- 010.0x8.8.010
- 010.0x8.0x8.8
- 010.0x8.0x8.0x8
- 010.0x8.0x8.010
- 010.0x8.010.8
- 010.0x8.010.0x8
- 010.0x8.010.010
- 010.010.2056
- 010.010.0x808
- 010.010.04010
- 010.010.8.8
- 010.010.8.0x8
- 010.010.8.010
- 010.010.0x8.8
- 010.010.0x8.0x8
- 010.010.0x8.010
- 010.010.010.8
- 010.010.010.0x8
- 010.010.010.010
TTL as OS identifier
There is a chance to guess the OS based on its TTL.
Here is an overview:
| OS | Version | Protocol | TTL |
|---|---|---|---|
| *nix (Linux/Unix) | 64 | ||
| AIX | 3.2, 4.1 | ICMP | 255 |
| AIX | TCP | 60 | |
| AIX | UDP | 30 | |
| BSDI | BSD/OS 3.1 and 4.0 | ICMP | 255 |
| Cisco | ICMP | 254 | |
| Compa | Tru64 v5.0 | ICMP | 64 |
| DEC Pathworks | V5 | TCP and UDP | 30 |
| Foundry | ICMP | 64 | |
| FreeBSD | 5 | ICMP | 64 |
| FreeBSD | 3.4, 4.0 | ICMP | 255 |
| FreeBSD | 2.1R | TCP and UDP | 64 |
| HP-UX | 9.0x | TCP and UDP | 30 |
| HP-UX | 11 | ICMP | 255 |
| HP-UX | 11 | TCP | 64 |
| HP-UX | 10.2 | ICMP | 255 |
| HP-UX | 10.01 | TCP and UDP | 64 |
| Irix | 6.x | TCP and UDP | 60 |
| Irix | 6.5.3, 6.5.8 | ICMP | 255 |
| Irix | 5.3 | TCP and UDP | 60 |
| Linux | Red Hat 9 | ICMP and TCP | 64 |
| Linux | 2.4 kernel | ICMP | 255 |
| Linux | 2.2.14 kernel | ICMP | 255 |
| Linux | 2.0.x kernel | ICMP | 64 |
| MPE/IX (HP) | ICMP | 200 | |
| MacOS/MacTCP | X (10.5.6) | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 64 |
| MacOS/MacTCP | 2.0.x | TCP and UDP | 60 |
| NetBSD | ICMP | 255 | |
| Netgear FVG318 | ICMP and UDP | 64 | |
| OS/2 | TCP/IP 3.0 | 64 | |
| OSF/1 | V3.2A | TCP | 60 |
| OSF/1 | V3.2A | UDP | 30 |
| OpenBSD | 2.6 & 2.7 | ICMP | 255 |
| OpenVMS | 07.01.2002 | ICMP | 255 |
| Solaris | 2.8 | TCP | 64 |
| Solaris | 2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 | ICMP | 255 |
| Solaris/AIX | 254 | ||
| Stratus | TCP_OS (14.3+) | TCP and UDP | 64 |
| Stratus | TCP_OS (14.2-) | TCP and UDP | 30 |
| Stratus | TCP_OS | ICMP | 255 |
| Stratus | STCP | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 60 |
| SunOS | 5.7 | ICMP and TCP | 255 |
| SunOS | 4.1.3/4.1.4 | TCP and UDP | 60 |
| Ultrix | V4.2 – 4.5 | ICMP | 255 |
| Ultrix | V4.1/V4.2A | TCP | 60 |
| Ultrix | V4.1/V4.2A | UDP | 30 |
| VMS/Multinet | TCP and UDP | 64 | |
| VMS/TCPware | TCP | 60 | |
| VMS/TCPware | UDP | 64 | |
| VMS/UCX | TCP and UDP | 128 | |
| VMS/Wollongong | 1.1.1.1 | TCP | 128 |
| VMS/Wollongong | 1.1.1.1 | UDP | 30 |
| Windows | for Workgroups | TCP and UDP | 32 |
| Windows | XP | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
| Windows | Vista | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
| Windows | Server 2008 | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
| Windows | Server 2003 | 128 | |
| Windows | NT 4.0 SP6+ | 128 | |
| Windows | NT 4.0 SP5- | 32 | |
| Windows | NT 4.0 | TCP and UDP | 128 |
| Windows | NT 4 WRKS SP 3, SP 6a | ICMP | 128 |
| Windows | NT 4 Server SP4 | ICMP | 128 |
| Windows | NT 3.51 | TCP and UDP | 32 |
| Windows | ME | ICMP | 128 |
| Windows | 98, 98 SE | ICMP | 128 |
| Windows | 98 | ICMP | 32 |
| Windows | 98 | TCP | 128 |
| Windows | 95 | TCP and UDP | 32 |
| Windows | 7 | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
| Windows | 2000 pro | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
| Windows | 2000 family | ICMP | 128 |
| Windows | 10 | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
| Windows | 128 | ||
| juniper | ICMP | 64 |